Which two political groups were formed as a result of differing views on government power?

The Federalists and Republicans emerged during the early years of the United States, primarily as a result of differing perspectives on the role and power of the federal government. The Federalists, led by figures like Alexander Hamilton, advocated for a strong central government that could effectively govern the nation, promote economic development, and maintain order. They believed that a robust federal authority was essential for the country's stability and prosperity, especially in the aftermath of the American Revolution.

In contrast, the Republicans, often referred to as Democratic-Republicans at this time and led by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison, favored a more decentralized governmental structure. They were concerned about the potential for tyranny and the overreach of federal power, advocating for states' rights and a strict interpretation of the Constitution. This fundamental disagreement about the balance of power between the federal government and the states formed the basis of the political landscape of the time, leading to the establishment of these two distinct groups.

The other groups mentioned do not pertain to this early conflict over government power in the same historical context. The Whigs and Republicans arose later, representing different political dynamics, while Libertarians and Progressives are modern political movements that reflect contemporary issues rather than the foundational debates of the early republic.