Which event is characterized by resistance to a tax affecting small farmers?

The Whiskey Rebellion is characterized by the resistance to a federal tax that was imposed on distilled spirits, which particularly impacted small farmers in the late 18th century. Following the American Revolution, the U.S. government sought to stabilize its finances and decided to levy a tax on whiskey production as a means of generating revenue. This tax was met with significant backlash, particularly among small farmers in regions like western Pennsylvania, who often relied on whiskey as a key part of their economy.

These farmers felt that the tax was unfair and would harm their livelihoods, leading to protests and ultimately violent confrontations with federal authorities. The insurrection highlighted the tension between rural agrarian interests and the centralized authority of the federal government. The government's response to the rebellion demonstrated its willingness to enforce federal law, establishing the principle that the government had the right to levy taxes and maintain order against civil unrest.

In contrast, the other events mentioned do not directly reflect resistance to a tax affecting small farmers. The Battle of Fallen Timbers was a significant conflict in the Northwest Territory, the Greenville Treaty involved land agreements with Native Americans, and the XYZ Affairs were related to diplomatic tensions with France, none of which pertain to tax resistance among small agricultural communities.