What does John Calhoun argue regarding the ability of states to nullify federal laws?

John Calhoun's argument regarding the ability of states to nullify federal laws is centered around the idea that individual states possess the right to declare federal legislation unconstitutional if they believe it encroaches upon their sovereignty or rights. This concept of nullification was prominent during his political career, particularly in the context of states' rights versus federal authority. Calhoun posited that because the United States was formed through a compact among the states, each state should have the authority to determine the constitutionality of federal laws and, if deemed unconstitutional, could effectively nullify those laws within its jurisdiction.

This viewpoint stems from a broader interpretation of the Constitution that emphasizes states' rights and the notion that the federal government is a creation of the states. Calhoun's stance gained traction during debates over issues such as tariffs and slavery, where he felt federal policies imposed on states were unjust. Thus, his belief in the ability of states to nullify laws reflects a significant philosophical and political struggle during the era, particularly concerning the limits of federal power and the preservation of state sovereignty.